Explorando sistemas en búsqueda del equilibrio: Una propuesta innovadora para la enseñanza de la Física

Abstract

This work proposes an approach to teaching physics based on the concept of equilibrium systems, providing an innovative alternative that significantly contributes to the didactics of physical sciences. The research uses equilibrium in systems as a bridge between scientific theory and students' everyday experiences, addressing a recurrent disconnection between physics content and students' realities a gap that often leads to a lack of interest and comprehension difficulties. The didactic proposal is structured around well-established pedagogical approaches, such as Action Research, Project-Based Learning (PBL), and Constructivist Learning Environments (CLE). Through these approaches, experimental modules focused on equilibrium systems were developed, featuring practical activities like the rotating lamp and colored flames. These activities allow students to engage with fundamental physics concepts, such as negative feedback and energy transfer, in a dynamic and participatory learning environment. The methodology included implementing the modules in a control group to assess their impact on students' understanding and interest. The results showed that students significantly improved their comprehension of equilibrium and system dynamics concepts. Additionally, there was an increase in their motivation toward physics, along with a strengthening of critical and reflective skills essential for scientific learning. In summary, this study introduces an innovative strategy for teaching physics, demonstrating that using equilibrium systems and experimental activities in the classroom can profoundly transform the educational experience. By bringing physical concepts closer to students' realities, meaningful learning and sustained interest in the discipline are fostered, reaffirming the relevance of physics in the context of everyday life.