Un acercamiento a los polinizadores y sus relaciones ecológicas en la Escuela Rural El Caguán: una estrategia didáctica mediante una guía ilustrada

Abstract

The teaching of ecology in rural schools is essential to improve the understanding of pollinators and their ecological relationships, while promoting responsible attitudes toward environmental conservation. In this context, an illustrated guide was designed as a didactic strategy to facilitate student learning and encourage their participation in the topic. For its development, a qualitative approach was employed, based on the action-research methodology, structured in four phases: diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The study was conducted with 60 primary school students from the rural area of El Caguán. In the diagnostic phase, prior knowledge and areas for improvement were identified. The planning stage focused on designing activities about pollinators and their ecological relationships, adapted to the curricular plans of the Ministry of National Education. Implementation included the analysis of student responses and progress using the MAXQDA analysis tool, which made it possible to adjust the content according to the difficulties identified. Subsequently, the illustrated guide was developed at three levels: kindergarten and first grade, second and third grade, and fourth and fifth grade. The results showed a significant improvement in the understanding of pollinators and their ecological functions. Students were able to connect the topics presented with practical experiences, which strengthened their learning. In addition, greater interest in ecology and conservation was observed, reflected in their willingness to participate in activities related to pollinator care. This project concludes with the importance of integrating innovative pedagogical strategies that allow students to understand the role of pollinators in ecosystems and promote sustainable practices from basic education.