Evaluación de la actividad microbicida del extracto etanólico de Nicotiana benthamiana (Xanti) y del aceite esencial extraído de Salvia scutellarioides y Eryngium foetidum en microorganismos que generan biodeterioro en papel patrimonial

Abstract

Biodeterioration caused by microorganisms is a problem that affects the quality of documentary materials. This study evaluated the microbicidal activity of three plants: Nicotiana benthamiana, Salvia scutellarioides, and Eryngium foetidum against three genera of microorganisms: Penicillium, Rhodotorulla, and Bacillus, which cause biodeterioration in documentary materials. The ethanolic extract of N. benthamiana, obtained through cold maceration, was used, while the essential oil of E. foetidum and S. scutellarioides was extracted by steam distillation, yielding 0.017% in both cases. The chemical characterization of N. benthamiana was performed by HPLC, identifying two flavonoids: kaempferol and quercetin, and one coumarin: scopoletin. The essential oils of E. foetidum and S. scutellarioides were analyzed by GC-MS. For E. foetidum, the abundant presence of (E)-2-dodecenal and tridecanal was confirmed, while S. scutellarioides showed a high presence of (E)-germacrene D, curzerene, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, and caryophyllene. The microbicidal activity of N. benthamiana was minimal against Rodothorulla and Bacillus, while it was nil against Penicillium. In S. scutellarioides, there was no growth inhibition for any of the three microorganisms evaluated. The essential oil of E. foetidum showed positive results in the inhibition zones, as measured by diffusion, for all three microorganisms. It is concluded that the essential oil of E. foetidum could work to treat biodeterioration; however, it is necessary to carry out tests on the documentary support, evaluating the possible physical and chemical alterations on the paper.