Potencialidad de uso de la madera de 15 especies forestales, procedentes de la UOF Yarí-Caguán, Departamento de Caquetá

Abstract

The study of the physical - mechanical properties and possible use of fifteen (15) forest species in the Forest Management Unit (FMU) Yarí – Caguán in the municipal district of Cartagena del Chairá (Caquetá), it was developed by the administrative contract N º 536 of 2014 signed between Francisco José de Caldas Public University and Sustainable Development of Southern Amazonia Corporation (CORPOAMAZONIA), with the aim to determine the physico - mechanical properties of fifteen (15) forest species and establish the proper use to contribute to the sustainable management and use of forest resources. The Forest Management Unit (FMU) Yarí – Caguán, located in the municipal District of Cartagena of Chairá and San Vicente of Caguán, department of Caquetá Colombia. The study included a field sampling in order to identify the selected species, obtaining samples rightly oriented and sorted out through systematic sampling to perform the physical and mechanical tests in the wood species: Guarango (Parkia nitida) Pelacara (Clarisia racemosa.), Guamo Cerindo (Inga nobilis.), Amarillo (Endlicheria sp.), Fono Negro (Eschweilera albiflora), Arenillo (Qualea acuminata), Chocho (Hymenolobium cf. petraeum), Amarillo (Ocotea cf. myriantha, Nectandra cf. membranacea, Aniba panurensis), Sangretoro (Virola pavonis), Fono Colorado (Eschweilera parvifolia), Aguarráz (Ocotea cf. cymbarum), Tamarindo (Hymenaea oblongifolia), Vara Blanca (Croton matourensis), Puchico o Algarrobillo (Dialium guianense) y Avichure (Qualea paraensis). Laboratory tests were performed in the wood’s Laboratory in the Environment and Natural resources Faculty at the Francisco Jose de Caldas Public University of Bogota. The laboratory methods were made following the rules of the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM), The Pan American Commission of Technical Standards (COPANT), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Colombian Technical Standards (NTC). The analysis and interpretation of results were done by applying statistical programs SPSS v. 20 and RWizard 2.2. The definition of potential usages was based on the methodology proposed by Klinger and Talero, (2001). The findings of this study are: seventy one (71) potential uses for the fifteen species, grouped in four units. (i) Species group of light wood (V. pavonis, P.nitida, C.matourensis y Q.paraensis) they are used for applications such as huacales, formwork, insulators and others as models or foundry models. (ii) Species group of Lauraceae family (Endlicheria sp, A. panaurensis, O. myriantha, N. membranaceae), lightweight woods to moderately heavyweight, these were used to make: rafts, furniture and boards.(iii) Species group Inga nobilis, Qualea acuminata, Ocotea cf. cymbarum, Clarisia racemosa e Hymenolobium cf. petraeum, in this group was possible identify differences in the physical wood characteristics such as: direction of grain and texture, which stablished the turning and carving subgroup like furniture, crafts, butts for guns, musical instruments, and the subgroup of building wood (iv) Species group of high density wood (E. parviflora, E. albiflora, D. guianense e H.oblongifolia), some of these usages are: heavy traffic floors, wooden frames for Ships and others related to violins raw materials.