Estructura trófica del ensamblaje de aves en tres configuraciones del paisaje rural cafetero de Risaralda

Abstract

The objective of this project was to describe the trophic structure of the avifauna present in nine localities located in the rural area of the municipalities of Santa Rosa de Cabal, Dos Quebradas and Marsella (Risaralda), which were grouped into three landscape configurations with characteristics different structural structures at local scale, classified as: agro ecosystem, fragment of forest surrounded by agroforestry matrices or monocultures and patch of conserved forest. The methodology consisted of characterizing the composition of the birds' assemblage based on sampling conducted through fog nets and direct observation in the field. Afterwards, the feces of the captured birds were collected, with these data complemented with literature, the taxonomic determination of the birds and the classification of the food guilds present in the assembly were made. The result was: 19 orders, 45 families, 18 subfamilies, 215 species. The birds were categorized according to their diet as follows; 5 guilds and 11 subcategories , with the insectívore guild being the most abundant with 60 species, followed by the frugivore-insectivore intergrem with 41 species. Some birds have very specialized diets that place them in the less abundant guilds, species such as Coereba flaveola, Chlorophanes spiza, Diglossa albilatera, Diglossa sittoides, which feed mainly on nectar but supplement their diet with fruits and insects to a lesser extent. Regarding the variations in the three scenarios, the agro ecosystem represented by areas of grasslands and monocultures, presented a high diversity despite the high anthropic intervention and transformation of natural areas, with respect to the other two scenarios there are no representative differences, although as the scenario is less disturbed, the wealth increases slightly in addition to the presence of rare and endemic species. The predominant diets in the three scenarios are those that are mainly based on insects, represented in the insectívoro guild with 27.9% of the total of the species of the assembly, followed by the frugivore-insectivore intergremio 19.06% of the total of the species and the most abundant of all the assembly in the agroecosystem scenario with 394 registered individuals. The diversity value for the birds of this coffee zone, calculated with the Shannon-Wiener method is: agroecosystem 4.27, forest fragment 4.58 and forest 4.48, for the diversity index Simpson the value obtained is of: agroecosystem 0.9798, fragment of forest 0.9867 and forest 0.9838, indicating a high diversity for the three scenarios. This work aims to provide information about the avifauna of this coffee area and aspects of its ecology as the types of diet present in the assembly of birds. In order to analyze how the transformation of natural systems, the intensity and pattern of coffee cultivation and the extension of monocultures suggest a threat to the diversity of birds that inhabit these forest areas. Link research works with the participation of communities in the monitoring and conservation of bird diversity in this area of the coffee axis is a priority, to integrate birdlife as an important component in the conservation of protected areas and the promotion of bird tourism in the region.