Diseño e implementación de un sistema de control de temperatura para el proceso de destilación en la producción de bioetanol a partir de la caña de azúcar

Abstract

The project embodied in this document, begins by a literary search of the concepts that are necessary for the development of the project, as well as the state of the art focused on the production of bioethanol based on organic raw materials, with the objective of abstracting methodologies and previous experiences that allowed to advance in the development; In addition, it describes the plants in which the project is implemented (Reactor multipropósito and la PPA planta de Procesos análogos) its characteristics, sensors, actuators and elements that make them up. Subsequently, and based on previously acquired concepts, it begins with the experimental part, in which temperature sensors are linearized as a first step and the plant is identified by the black box method where the system is excited with several types of signals such as step signal, modified step and pseudo random signal; and with it being able to know the behavior of the plant. Continuing with the development of the project, the controller is tuned from the response to the step using methods such as those described by Ziegler-Nichols and Cohen-Cooh, which allowed to know the constants: proportional, integral and derivative of the controller. Once the controller is obtained, all the mathematical processing is done for its discretization and with it find its respective equation in differences that is the equation that is entered as structured text to the PLC that controls the process. The verification of the control is made by posing an experiment to obtain ethanol, in the distillation process, the results are shown, and ending with the conclusions reached with the development of the project.