Evaluación de la Planta de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales por lodos activados (PTAR rozo) de Cota Cundinamarca

Abstract

Due to the demand for housing and urban expansion, the level of contamination by wastewater into water bodies has increased in recent years, since these waters are discharged without any type of treatment to aquatic ecosystems (Lozano-Rivas, 2012). Consequently, through regulations, we have been working on actions to mitigate the impact that pollutants generate on water quality at the national level; These standards preliminarily determined general aspects regarding the removal of pollutants in liquid waste, and currently determine the maximum permissible limits for discharges to surface water bodies (Jenny Milena Lizarazo Becerra, 2013). The purpose of the Wastewater Treatment Plants is to reduce the concentration of substances that may affect the population and downstream ecosystems, through unit operations and processes that eliminate pollutants from physical phenomena, biological and chemical processes (Metcalf and Eddy, INC , nineteen ninety five). The level of treatment of these systems depends on the current national regulations and different components such as; the number of inhabitants and their behavior over time, economic activities and the characteristics of the territory (Ministry of Economic Development, 2000). At a global level, the causes of the problem regarding the discharge of wastewater have historically prevailed since until the last century there began to be a systematization of the treatment of said water (Metcalf and Eddy, INC, 1995); Meanwhile, Colombia began to regulate discharges to surface water bodies in the last two decades of the 20th century (Jenny Milena Lizarazo Becerra, 2013). The delay in the national territory of construction and start-up of wastewater treatment systems is reflected in the absence of 52% of some type of treatment plant in Colombia, as well as the lack of reports of removal efficiencies (Ministry of housing, city and territory., 2018). Cota presents a similar problem since the Rozo WWTP does not fully treat the wastewater generated and does not report an evaluation that verifies its correct operation (Domiciliarios, S. d, 2016), this indicates that there is not a correct disposal of domestic wastewater by the municipality. Thus, this document describes in detail the WWTP of the municipality of Cota, which treats the wastewater produced in the "El Rozo" village, disposes of its waters to the Bogotá River (Domiciliarios, S. d, 2016), It began operations in 2006 and has a useful life of 25 years. The following monograph will carry out the evaluation of each of the processes carried out in the treatment, establishing the operation of each of the units; based on the regulations and technical regulations in force, verifying the efficiencies necessary to comply with the aforementioned. The document will present the pertinent recommendations, corrective actions or alternatives for treatment and operation if necessary.