Evaluación del cambio de la matriz energética en Colombia: sustitución de termoeléctricas por fuentes no convencionales de energía

Abstract

In the light of the global concern by the effects produced by the climate change, different international agreements have been done with the aim of reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. In this regard, Colombia made a commitment to reduce its emissions by 20% by the year 2030. This document evaluates the possibility of reducing the emissions generated by the thermoelectric plants of the country by replacing them with technologies based on Non-Conventional Energy Sources within the National Interconnected System and the environmental implications that this would entail. An analysis was made of the technologies available in the Colombian territory and the emission factor, the area and the land use that could be affected by the implementation of these technologies were compared, as well as the contribution in the goal of emission reduction agreed in Paris. It was found, among other aspects, that the technologies with greater development in the country and that could be implemented to the substitution would be wind turbines and solar panels, with which there would be a reduction in emissions that would be equivalent to 17 and 19% of the established goal.