Determinación y mapeo de las zonas climáticas locales y unidades de ventilación de la ciudad de Bogotá. Una aplicación en el análisis de la intensidad de la isla de calor urbana

Abstract

In this document, the intensity of the urban heat island in the city of Bogotá is mapped using two classification methods: Ventilation Units and Local Climate Zones. Bogotá was classified into 18 Ventilation Units defined by the characteristics of the relief and urban roughness, which act as units of analysis for 17 individual and 24 mixed Local Climate Zones. The cartographic quality evaluation showed an accuracy of 86% in the classification of the Local Climatic Zones under the methodology used, an acceptable qualifier to analyze the Urban Heat Island. The classification results associated with the land surface temperature for the years 2015 and 2018 showed that there is a high intensity of the heat island in the Ventilation Units of intermediate and high roughness in the urban west and south, specifically in heavy industries (LCZ 10), large low-rise buildings (LCZ 8), paved or bare rock surfaces (LCZ E), compact low-rise buildings (LCZ 3), and compact midrise buildings (LCZ 2) when exceeding 27 ° C at their typical temperatures. In this way, an approach to the understanding of the interaction between urban morphology and the atmospheric parameters that today characterize the climate that exists in Bogotá was achieved. This is one of the first advances to date in mapping the intensity of Bogotá's urban heat island linked to the physical parameters that cause and intensify it, considering that other cartographic development studies have associated high temperatures with land cover and have overlooked factors associated with urban morphology relevant to climate. The results of this study were effective in identifying the areas that require intervention, thus demonstrating its potential as a basis for the formulation of mitigation and control strategies for the heat island in the territorial planning of the city.