Análisis de la sustentabilidad ambiental urbana en el proyecto de renovación urbana Vivienda de Interés Social “San Bernardo - Tercer Milenio”, Bogotá – Colombia

Abstract

The research considered instruments that determine the pattern of resource use of a city and its resistance to change, due to the problems caused by urbanization have caused the interest to seek alternatives to mitigate negative environmental impacts through sustainability assessments. A literature review was carried out in search engines and databases on the tools and/or methodologies for the evaluation of urban sustainability applied to Social Interest Housing or Public Housing and/or Urban Renewal Projects. The most studied and applied methodologies at a global level were selected and prioritized: BREEAM, CASBEE, GREEN STAR and SBTOOL. The analysis revealed that these tools approach sustainability from different perspectives, emphasizing some aspects such as water, energy and waste, while ignoring others such as community participation, GHG emissions reduction and disaster resilience. Additionally, two of the methodologies applied at the Latin American level, which were the CASBEE methodology adopted by Mexico and the CES methodology of Chile, were compared to understand the capacity to evaluate sustainability, reflecting from a holistic and integrating perspective. Subsequently, the EDGE and CASA Colombia methodologies were investigated, through urban and sustainability normative elements existing in the Social Interest Housing project of the Partial Plan of Urban Renewal “San Bernardo”, the criteria and/or categories of analysis that integrate each prioritized methodology of the environmental, social and economic aspects. In conclusion, these methodologies pre-exist deficiencies in the tools to address the complex relationships between various criteria and/or categories, by evaluating them in isolation, without taking into account their influence on other aspects. Therefore, minimum sustainable criteria and factors to be taken into account in the design and projection of future urban renewal projects focused on social housing were proposed.