Análisis del estado de la calidad del agua en dos zonas de concentración de distritos mineros priorizados por el IDEAM (río Nechí y río Atrato), a partir de valores estimados en imágenes satelitales.

Abstract

Over time, population dynamics and socioeconomic activities have introduced different elements and / or polluting substances to the environment and existing natural resources. In the case of water, it is affected by different factors, between natural (entrainment of particulate and dissolved material and the existence of organic matter) and humans (domestic wastewater, agricultural discharges, industrial activities, mining, etc.) (Durán, 2016 ), due to the increase in some concentrations of compounds that, depending on the use that you want to give the resource, influence its quality and that, in the case of anthropic contamination of the resource, the damage is reflected not only in the ecosystem health, fauna and / or flora, but in many cases, in human health (Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development and Instituo Humboldt, 2012). Among these activities, one of the most significant in terms of impact on water resources, is mining. According to the increase in the areas with this activity, it is necessary to advance in the knowledge of the water quality in these. So, taking into account that, through traditional monitoring, it is difficult to evaluate and / or estimate water quality conditions in short periods of time and generates high costs (Berdugo Muñoz & Reales López, 2016, p. 1), The support of new technologies for monitoring water quality, such as the analysis of satellite images, has been explored around the world. Likewise, when talking about monitoring, in the monitoring of Meteoric Water, it is important to have context data such as rainfall, flows or thematic cartography, to fully understand these variables, in addition to having truthful data observed in the field (IDEAM and INVEMAR, 2017, p. 97) and thus carry out a more complete and comprehensive analysis. Thus, the following report presents the results of the internship carried out in the period between June and December 2021. The document contains coordinates of the monitoring stations used, the code of the images selected for each basin, the spectral indices calculated for the analysis of the methodology, the estimated turbidity concentrations for each station and, finally, the statistical verification of the method; Turbidity concentrations were estimated at 37 monitoring points over the Atrato river basin and 9 monitoring points over the Nechí river basin.