Diseño de un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica para la prevención de desórdenes músculo esqueléticos en los trabajadores administrativos de una empresa del sector hidrocarburos.

Abstract

In order to guide the design of the Epidemiological Surveillance Program for Musculoskeletal disorders (PVE-DME) and associated risk factors, in the population of the workers of a company in the hydrocarbon sector, a project was carried out divided into two phases. Methodology. In the first phase, the physical load of the workers was evaluated applying the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method, the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Nordic Kuorinka Questionnaire, simultaneously measured the frequency of sedentary lifestyle through a survey of overweight and obesity using as an indicator the BMI (body mass index). Results. 25 workers with an average age of 38 years, 60% female. 68% of workers were sedentary, 32% were overweight or obese. 100% of the workers had some physical load level, 28% a high load level and 72% a moderate load level. To the calculate the PPR (Prevalence Proportions Ratio) to determine the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and physical load level, comparing the group with a high load level with the moderate load the result was 0.73, however, the difference was not statistically significant, 95% CI: (0.32 – 1.15). A similar calculation was done to evaluate the association between musculoskeletal symptoms and BMI, the RPP was 1.70 CI 95% (1.47- 1.93). Conclusions. The results indicate the need to carry out actions to prevent DME within the work environment. The association between overweight and obesity with a higher frequency of musculoskeletal symptoms, and a high frequency of sedentary lifestyle allows conclude that health promotion actions are required, such as education on the healthy eating and the benefits of physical exercise. In the second phase, it was developed a PVE-DME proposal for the company's workers.