Generación distribuida de baja potencia en Colombia: correlación con la normatividad y estrategias para el manejo de excedentes y su adecuada gestión

Abstract

The transition to more sustainable energy sources is a global challenge, particularly in Colombia, where non-interconnected zones (ZNI) face difficulties in accessing energy due to geography and the high cost of transportation. This situation highlights the need for local and decentralized solutions, such as distributed generation (DG), which harnesses renewable sources like solar and wind. Despite the benefits of DG, such as improved system efficiency and resilience, managing energy surpluses presents both technical and economic challenges. The reverse energy flow can affect grid stability, and compensating surpluses without considering actual demand could be unsustainable in the long term. This research proposes a comprehensive solution based on four components: analyzing current regulations in different countries, comparing these regulations, a case study of solar DG in Colombia, and exploring academic proposals for more efficient surplus management. The proposed solution aims to optimize surplus handling, ensuring a sustainable model tailored to Colombian conditions.