Análisis de metodologías de valoración de rondas hídricas para avalúos rurales: estudio comparativo y aplicación práctica en las cuencas del Meta y Magdalena

Abstract

This study advances the economic valuation of riparian rural properties, a problem derived from the lack of clear methodologies and regulatory restrictions that affect environmentally protected lands. Riparian corridors, which are fundamental for the conservation of natural resources, present difficulties in their valuation because they are not marketable owing to their limited use. This study seeks to fill this methodological gap by evaluating various valuation techniques applied to properties in the departments of Meta and Magdalena. This research focused on analyzing the factors that influence the commercial value of the riparian corridor according to the methodology used. The following methods were applied: Market Comparison, Null Value, Weighting Factors and Influence of the Productive Environment. In addition, a Partial Least Squares (PLS) model was proposed to handle multicollinearity and scarcity of comparable data in these protected areas. The results show that the Market Comparison method was the most consistent and stable in most of the properties, although its applicability is limited to areas with few comparable transactions, such as protected soils, and it does not consider the subjective value that landowners place on these areas. The weighting factor method also provided valuable results by adjusting the valuation according to the productive characteristics of the land. On the other hand, the PLS model allowed a good prediction in contexts of high multicollinearity or scarce market data, although it introduced greater variability in some properties. Despite this variability, the PLS model has been presented as a complementary tool when traditional methodologies do not provide robust results. Consequently, this study highlights the need for combined approaches to achieve more accurate evaluation of environmentally protected soils.