Evaluación del riesgo ergonómico por movimientos repetitivos y posturas forzadas y su correlación con el dolor en los trabajadores del área de empaque de las empresas inscritas a la asociación de agroindustriales del Bocadillo Veleño Guayaba en las Provincias de Vélez (Santander) y Ricaurte (Boyacá)

Abstract

Objective Musculoskeletal disorders are health problems worldwide, in the manufacturing industry the risks of repetitive movements and awkward postures are common, the objective of this study is to evaluate these ergonomic risks in personnel in the packing area of bocadillo factories of GUJAVA Association of the provinces of Vélez and Ricaurte and the correlation with pain at work. Materials and methods. Qualitative-quantitative study, 25 packers were evaluated in bijao sheet with RULA methods and pain symptoms with a Nordic Questionnaire, the results are collected in a database, they are directly correlated through contingency tables in their statistical statistic Chi Square with 90% reliability. Results. All workers are affected by an ergonomic risk due to repetitive movements and awkward postures according to the results of the RULA method since 24% of the population (6 people) perform postures with risk level 7, with risk level 6 68% of the population ( 17 people) while only 4% (1 person) present positions with risk level 5 and risk level 4 presents the remaining 4% (1 person). 76% (19) of the operators present pain in some area of ​​the body, among them pain in the hand / wrist and feet predomtes, 74% feel pain in these areas, followed by pain in the neck with 68%, 53 % feel pain in the upper back and 37% feel pain in the lower back, only 5% feel pain in the shoulder and knees. Association between RULA risk level was found. Conclusions. It is concluded that there is a correlation in tasks with risks of repetitive movements and forced postures that cause muscular-skeletal pain in the upper back, neck, ankle / foot, and hand / wrist. Recommendations were made to reduce risk levels and prevent muscle disorders.