Análisis de los aportes desde la praxis transformadora de los movimientos sociales y políticos al campo ambiental y a los procesos de educación ambiental: Experiencia del Centro Oriente de Colombia

Abstract

Environmental education does not have a single approach from which it is conceived, in the same way does not have the concept of environment, this is how many authors, organizations and institutional entities have multiple ways of understanding them, so actions are acted and executed from different perspectives, that is, there is no homogeneity between theory and action in environmental education processes. On the other hand, the social and political movement has been working and fighting to position itself as an important actor in these debates, a collective actor that has been key from the beginning in the local and global opening of the approach to environmental education and that today contributes to the deepening of these processes as real mechanisms of transformation.(Acuña, 2007) This research aims to locate the contributions of the social and political movement towards the environmental field and to the processes of environmental education from the transformative praxis, this as an approach to reading and transforming the reality of society, where from the dialectic between theory and practice it acts as processes in the organization and mobilization of communities.(Centro de pensamiento y teoria crítica Praxis, 2021a) To analyze these contributions, the case study will be the Movimiento Politico de Masas Social y Popular del Centro Oriente de Colombia, and specifically the social processes present in the departments of Meta, Casanare and Arauca, a region so called by the social organizations due to the geographical and economic continuity and territorial presence of the processes that are part of the movement. This region of the country and communities have lived and suffered social, political and armed conflict, as it is an area in constant economic dispute for being the main departments of oil extraction at the national level (78.36% of national production by 2024), for being projected as a focus for the expansion of the agricultural frontier, and for having a historical dynamic of organization, resistance and political construction from peasant, indigenous, youth, worker social sectors, etc.(Federación Nacional de Departamentos, 2021) It is then intended to answer the following research question with the elements stated: What are the contributions from the transformative praxis of the social and political processes of the Central East of Colombia located in Arauca, Casanare and Meta to the environmental field and to the processes of environmental education? The focus of the research is qualitative, it is based on a type of historical-philosophical research, which is understood as that which aims to understand and locate a situation and the subject of research, in this case the social organizations of the Movimiento Politico de Masas Social y Popular del Centro Oriente de Colombia, within the framework of a historical process, political and traversed by contradictions that can be analyzed from historical materialism, where documentary analysis is implemented as an information collection technique that allows reviewing 68 actions of the social movement related in 13 categories from 2009 to 2024 and six major problems of the region. (Guadarrama Gonzáles, 1979) From this approach of analysis of reality, the social movement of the Central East focuses its praxis by developing mobilizations, denunciations, hearings, assemblies, forums, strikes and training spaces in order to interrelate the environmental problem with the interests of accumulation of wealth from the capitalist mode of production, mainly focused on the profitability of the mining-energy and agrarian sectors. which, in the absence of development and popular management of the productive forces, generate precarious social and environmental conditions for the communities, thus determining socio-environmental conflicts and depredation of nature. In this sense, these various actions contribute to environmental education to understand it from transformative praxis as that which seeks as a process and tool of transformation to unveil and overcome the capital-labor contradiction, which allows the praxis of the popular class to build from mobilization and organization new social relations and greater harmony with nature.