Análisis espacial de la acumulación de residuos sólidos en Bogotá: identificación de zonas críticas y correlación espacial con la densidad poblacional

Abstract

In the development of this project, the main objective was to determine the presence of spatial correlation between population density and the location of critical waste accumulation points in the city of Bogotá. To address this research, population density data per Zonal Planning Unit for the year 2021 were used, as well as the census of critical points defined in 2020. In the initial phase, an exploratory data analysis was conducted, revealing the existence of spatial autocorrelation through the Moran's index for the critical points variable. Additionally, clustering patterns were identified through nearest neighbor analysis. Regarding spatial autocorrelation, the data were normalized as a preliminary step. Subsequently, three univariable regression models were executed: classical, spatial lag, and spatial error. After this process, it was determined that all three models showed spatial correlation, with the spatial lag model being the best fit for the project objectives and the results obtained. The final conclusion was that there is indeed a spatial correlation between population density and the presence of critical waste accumulation points in the city of Bogotá. This finding reinforces the importance of considering the geographical distribution of the population when addressing issues related to waste accumulation in urban environments.