Propuesta para la mitigación del ruido aperiódico de un sistema de comunicaciones por líneas eléctricas PLC de tipo residencial

Abstract

Due to the exponential increase in Domotics and IoT applications that seek, improve the quality of life within households, power line communications have become a relevant area of study since they are a technological alternative in data transmission that can minimize communication costs by using the infrastructure of the electric system and offer access everywhere. The setback of this technology lies in the noise involved in the process, whether it comes from the environment or the intrinsic nature of the media. The type of noises seen in these communication means are background noise, narrow-band noise and impulsive noise, which is subdivided into periodic noise (synchronous and asynchronous noises derived from the power grid) and the aperiodic noise which is the most detrimental. This doctoral work focuses on aperiodic or asynchronous impulsive noise since it is the most critical one of all five types of noises. This noise comes from the commutation of electric equipment with high spectral density in each load that is connected, operated and disconnected within a residential power grid. The purpose of this work is to propose a solution to mitigate the incidence of the aperiodic noise caused by home appliances, when the electric grid is used as a communication means. This improves the efficiency in the channel and thus becomes a convenient alternative for data transmission. To minimize the incidence of impulsive noise, the following process was carried out where noise was detected in the first phase under different conditions and with different loads. Some parameters were obtained in said phase to identify its characteristics and the conditions in which it presents itself. A second phase consisted on characterizing the noise based on its parameters and some statistical processes such as Poisson and Gauss. In the third phase, the aperiodic noise was modeled using the Middleton model as a basis, by combining the advantages of the Bernoulli-Gauss and Poisson-Gauss models. This modeling process led to propose mitigation devices and choose the simplest and most affordable one to be implemented for all users. The final phase was the implementation of a PLC communications system through a CORINEX system. Some tests were carried out in the vacuum with linear and non-linear loads with and without the proposed device under the same characteristics. The results delivered an improvement of over 95% with certain loads and 75% for other loads. In other cases, the system remained stable and for a few loads, the incidence of noise was increased. It was concluded that the proposal meets the performance expectations and improves the overall efficiency in this communications environment.