Metodología de evaluación y pronóstico del fenómeno de sequía en el Municipio de Motavita, Departamento de Boyacá

Abstract

One of the natural phenomena that has the greatest capacity to generate socioeconomic, environmental and public health impacts is the phenomenon of drought. For this reason, organizations have been created with the purpose of mitigating and reducing these impacts, such as the (UNISDR), the (WMO) and the (IPCC). Thus, different indexes or drought indicators have been created to serve as mechanisms for monitoring, control, management and reduction of a drought phenomenon in a space-time. The central region of the department of Boyacá - Colombia (Municipality of Motavita), has suffered over time problems of decrease of water sources and water stress. Consequently, it is likely that there is a threat of drought that can cause impacts on the rural and urban population, economic impacts on the main productive activities of the municipality and environmental impacts, reducing the levels of surface water sources that affect biodiversity, biomes and ecosystems. The absence of drinking water reduces the quality of life of the population and exposes it to different diseases. In Colombia, according to the unimodal precipitation regime characteristic of most of the Colombian territory (rainy season and dry season). Under this precipitation regime, droughts occur in areas susceptible to this phenomenon, especially during the last and first months of each respective year. Therefore, the municipality of Motavita (Boyacá) according to its edaphological, meteorological, geographical and socioeconomic characteristics. It constitutes a favorable space for the generation of drought phenomena, which in the present work are evaluated from the knowledge of risk through the parameters of Vulnerability (V), Threat (A), Exposure (E) and Risk (R).