Estrategías de gestión del riesgo desde un enfoque sociocultural en escenarios de pandemia en dos localidades de Bogotá D.C.

Abstract

The emergence of pathogenic agents, triggers of epidemic events or pandemics, have serious repercussions not only on the health of the populations, but also on the social and economic spheres of the communities, especially in those with higher levels of vulnerability. This allows the development of research aimed at identifying how sociocultural factors interfere in Risk Management processes; in addition to recognizing how the incidence of risk perceptions shapes social action in the face of a pandemic scenario within the city, from a mixed methodological approach. Based on the foregoing, the results corresponding to the Management strategies are presented from a sociocultural approach for risk reduction in the face of possible epidemiological and/or pandemic scenarios in localities in Bogotá. Initially, a bibliographic review focused on recognizing the dimensions, application approaches and variables used to study the perceptions and constructions of risk in the face of epidemiological threats, and an analysis of Disaster Risk Management policies at the National and District level was carried out. , and emerging policies for managing the current epidemic scenario. Subsequently, the perception of risk was analyzed from the cultural and psychometric model of the actors and social agents of the Kennedy and Suba localities. Finally, with the identification of the perceptions, the underlying problems, the dynamic pressures and the unsafe conditions of the pandemic scenarios were established from the Vester matrix and the release pressure model, with which it was possible to establish that the Strategies from a sociocultural approach, should obey the need to establish a decentralization of management systems, which includes preventive plans correlated to the threatening epidemiological factor, linking a complex multisectoral network of actors that is inclusive of community participation, local perspectives, risk perceptions and cultural biases. Likewise, strategies are proposed that allow advancing governance processes that link social actors in the generation of inclusive policies and in accordance with social needs, that improve investments in health, science, technological development and education, with which from the locality can improve knowledge about risks, adapt cultural biases, prioritize environmental improvement to reduce the incidence of health effects and reduce social vulnerabilities.