Construcción y enseñanza del concepto de equilibrio químico desde una perspectiva humanista

Abstract

The concept of chemical equilibrium is one of the central topics in the teaching of science, it involves complex mathematical aspects and is related to concepts that precede it, which present a high level of difficulty in its understanding due to the interpretative depth that it means for the student. The teaching-learning process of this concept represents a great challenge for teachers at all educational levels. The present research project is based on the implementation of a didactic unit based on the historical construction of the concept of chemical equilibrium, presenting the human and scientific context of each of its representatives, taking as a period of study the 18th and 19th centuries. The research study is carried out with a population of 8 students of the Bachelor's degree program in chemistry of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, who participate on a voluntary basis. The participating students have completed an average of 80% of the subjects of the chemistry degree program, including the physical chemistry II seminar: Spontaneity and equilibrium. Through synchronous meetings, discussions are held where students learn the concept of chemical equilibrium from the history of science and express their ideas on the subject. This project is developed within the framework of qualitative research and the case study is applied, classifying the groups for study as G1, G2, G3 and G4, in order to carry out the initial and final characterization, based on the established criteria and propositions. After the implementation of the didactic unit, the appropriation of knowledge is evidenced, as well as the recognition of scientific and human factors that influenced the construction of the concept of chemical equilibrium. It is thus determined that the inclusion of history in the construction of scientific knowledge favors and enhances the teaching and learning processes, providing science with meaning, while promoting the acquisition of skills and competencies in students.