Ampliación de cobertura internet por fibra en el municipio de Ricaurte Cundinamarca

Abstract

The Digital Quality of Life Index is a worldwide study carried out annually among 85 countries (81% of the world population), which by 2020 showed that Colombia has one of the worst internet accesses in the world (position 83), where only two countries are in the last places (Honduras and Nigeria). This study evaluates 5 fundamental pillars: Internet Accessibility, Internet Quality, Electronic Infrastructure, Electronic Security and Government, where the results show that the work time required in Colombia is almost three times greater than the world average to be able to afford Internet connections . Regarding Quality, Broadband speeds are at the lower end of the countries evaluated with an average speed of 3.48 Mbps. - Source: https://surfshark.com/dql2020 The case of the municipalities is even more critical, since the lack of investment by the state and the dominance of the market of traditional providers does not allow the inhabitants of municipalities such as Ricaurte, Cundinamarca; have a reliable Internet service. As a result of an investment made in this municipality, there was a need to access connectivity services, which despite the fact that in Bogotá they are well below world standards, they do not present as many problems as in Ricaurte. An intermittent service was experienced which did not allow stability in basic services such as calls, downloads or uploading of files to the network. Connectivity alternatives were explored with people in the region who shared their access to a satellite network, which, although it was not the highest, behaved a little more stable, unfortunately everything was ruined when it started to rain and the connection was lost in their whole. The previous situation, which was quite uncomfortable at the time, generated many doubts about the type of service that was being provided in the region, which is why they began to investigate the type of technology that was being offered and to inquire with the inhabitants what were the most recurring failures and how often they occurred. The results of this brief investigation showed two main problems: • Traditional Copper Technology for the Urban and Satellite sector for the rural area • Total lack of interest in offering connectivity alternatives to the inhabitants of the municipality on the part of the service providers The concept of the Internet began to work in the 60s by an MIT researcher, who sought to connect a network of computers to each other and to be able to access their information quickly and reliably. In Colombia this concept began to sound in the heads of some academics at the end of the 70's, but only until 1991 was the first Colombian domain with the ending .co available. The administration of this service was in charge of the ICFES, Telecom and the Universidad de los Andes, who managed to establish communication with the United States on June 4, 1994, this day was the beginning of the Internet for the Nation. Over the decades, there have been technological advances, which, despite not having the country with good figures compared to the rest of the world, have managed to massify this service by 2020 to a total of 30.4 million band connections wide according to figures from the MinTIC. The competition between service operators allowed the Bogotá Telephone Company (ETB) to acquire the assets of TeleTequendama and thus enter into operation in August 2004 in the Municipalities of Girardot and Ricaurte with local telephone services for about 9 thousand users and with an expansion plan to 28 thousand users in the next 5 years, providing Internet, data transport and broadband services. Source: https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-1538453 The market in the region was not very strong and the plans of the ETB in the municipality could not be materialized because the inhabitants of the region at that time only needed access to telephony. It took a decade for the housing construction boom in the sector to begin, which implied foreign investment and an increase in the demand for Internet service, which began to be reflected in mid-2018, according to figures from the MinTIC . Taking into account the current technology of Internet service providers in the region and the availability of an ISP (Internet Service Provider) located in the municipality of Ricaurte, a solution is proposed that allows offering services with bandwidth of up to 100 Mbps per user through fiber optics, Fiber is the most advanced transmission medium and the only one currently capable of supporting next-generation services. Having a service based on Optical Fiber guarantees a bandwidth higher than that of traditional technology, greater distribution distances (between 20 and 25km), greater resistance to electromagnetic interference, greater network security, less signal degradation and symmetric connectivity, which is nothing other than having the ability to send and receive information at the same speed and without interference from each other, something impossible with traditional copper technology. This fiber will be distributed in the region through a passive optical network with Gigabit capacity, known as GPON. This technology, which is based on Fiber Optics and is quite simple at the solution level, since it bases its topology on a simple infrastructure, optical accessories and much simpler cable runs, taking into account that fiber allows the transport of information and services multiple users in a single thread.