Modelo de evaluación de ofertas en procesos de contratación estatal para obras públicas en Colombia publicadas en Secop II

Abstract

The present work consisted of the design a Bid Evaluation Model in State Contracting processes for Public Works in Colombia published in Secop II. For its design, a literature review was carried out which allowed to select the criteria used most frequently in models proposed in other researches; based on the selected criteria and using an analytical hierarchy - AHP - experts were consulted to perform the weighting and determine the weights of each criterion. Additionally, possible sub-criteria to include were identified, and the selection of sub-criteria was made based on the objectivity of each one, which resulted in the structuring of the evaluation model. Finally, the validation protocol was designed and the model was validated based on a case study. The 11 criteria most frequently used in the literature were selected. Based on these criteria and current regulations, a conceptual evaluation model for bids was designed; using analytic hierarchy process, a higher weight was obtained for the criterion of damage to third parties at 12.4%, followed by quality certifications at 11.7%. A total of 37 quantifiable sub-criteria were selected. Finally, with the model validation, it was found that, from the 76 bidders, 41 were qualified. The awarded one in the case study should be rejected due to alleged artificially low prices, and the one that would be awarded with the proposed model, although qualified, was not the awarded one. To conclude, it was evident that criteria such as damages to third parties, which currently received the highest weighting, are not included in the evaluation of bids; additionally, the importance of having quantifiable indicators that allow for measuring the criteria and sub-criteria was evidenced; on the other hand, the elimination of the lowest value in the bid evaluation may reduce the risk of non-compliance; lastly, the proposed model would reject more bids compared to the current evaluation model.