Determinantes de la deserción universitaria: Un estudio en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas

Abstract

University dropout is a critical challenge for higher education institutions in Colombia, affecting both access and educational quality. This study focuses on the phenomenon of dropout at the Faculty of Engineering of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas during the period from 2013-1 to 2023-1, with the aim of identifying the key factors that influence students' decisions to abandon their studies. Using a quantitative approach and historical data analysis, variables such as economic situation, academic performance, sociodemographic characteristics of students, and institutional conditions are examined. The results indicate that economic factors, family income, socio-economic status, academic performance, and the percentage of the degree completed are among the main determinants of dropout. These are compounded by academic difficulties such as excessive curricular load, low performance, and lack of academic support. Socio-cultural variables, such as age at enrollment and employment expectations, also affect students' persistence at the university. Based on the findings, various intervention strategies are proposed aimed at improving institutional conditions and the academic environment. Key recommendations include the need to offer greater financial support to students, the flexibilization of class schedules and academic curricula, and the strengthening of student welfare programs to foster integration and motivation. Additionally, it is suggested to promote policies for academic and psychological support to reduce the impact of external factors on student performance and retention. This work contributes to the analysis of university dropout from a multidimensional perspective, providing a foundation for future policies and institutional actions that promote student retention and, ultimately, the strengthening of higher education in the country.