Desarrollo de un sistema de reconocimiento de emociones para mitigar la deserción académica en las instituciones de educación superior (IES)

Abstract

Academic dropout in higher education institutions (HEIs) is a critical phenomenon that affects both students and educational systems worldwide. This problem, whose global rate is estimated at 30% according to UNESCO data, responds to multiple factors, from financial and emotional difficulties to adaptation to the academic environment. In the case of Colombia, the panorama is particularly challenging, with dropout rates reaching up to 45%, as reported by the Ministry of National Education. These figures reflect a structural problem that impacts educational quality, student retention and the social projections of students. In this context, the Acacia Center has identified that one of the main causes of desertion in institutions is student demotivation, closely linked to emotional factors. Particularly in the context of the transition to virtual and blended learning models, exacerbated by the pandemic, an increase in anxiety, isolation and frustration among students has been observed. These emotional states not only affect their academic performance, but also significantly increase the risk of dropping out. To address this challenge, this degree project proposes the development of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based emotion recognition system. This system seeks to detect in real time the emotions of students during their virtual classes and generate statistical reports that allow educational institutions to identify warning signs and take proactive measures to mitigate dropout. Thus, the proposal not only contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field of ICT-assisted education, but also promotes the integration of advanced technologies with pedagogical and emotional health strategies. The project, supported by previous research in the field of AI applied to facial recognition, is positioned as a strategic tool to strengthen the educational system. Its implementation will not only benefit students, but will also provide teachers and health professionals with an effective platform to intervene in favor of student well-being and academic permanence.