Marco teórico sobre protocolos de comunicación en subestaciones eléctricas, alternativos a la IEC 61850

Abstract

The current document aims to develop a theoretical framework on communication protocols in digital electrical substations, with a specific focus on alternatives to the IEC 61850 standard, within the framework of the research and characterization project on the fundamentals of communication protocols in electrical substations and their integration with the different elements involved there. To meet this objective, three main tasks were carried out: the consultation of bibliographic sources, the selection of relevant alternative protocols and the structuring of a detailed theoretical analysis of said protocols. Firstly, an extensive bibliographic review was carried out using specialized sources on communication systems and those related to the electricity environment, focusing on the most relevant protocols and the understanding of the composition of communication from its beginnings. This review allowed to consolidate, through the execution of a process of inquiry, analysis and comparative evaluation of the results, the identification of the technical characteristics of each protocol, such as its architecture, scalability, integration capacity and security, which make them viable for use in digital electrical substations. In addition, case studies and implementation experiences in different regions of the world were analyzed, which enriched the theoretical framework with practical perspectives. Next, those protocols that proved to be most relevant based on their impact on substation operation were selected, considering aspects such as their ease of implementation, compatibility with existing infrastructures, and their ability to respond to future demands of the electrical sector. These protocols were compared and evaluated against IEC 61850, identifying in which areas they can offer competitive advantages. Finally, with the data collected and analyzed, the theoretical framework was structured, which provides a clear and concise guide for understanding these alternative protocols. This theoretical framework is aimed at both the academic community and professionals in the electrical sector, who make use of this information to improve decision-making in projects related to the digitalization of substations.