Aspectos del comportamiento de Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) en el Municipio de Mariquita, Tolima: reposo en el domicilio y respuesta a insecticidas

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of zika, chikungunya and dengue viruses in the country. The inhabitants of 90% of the municipalities of the national territory, located below of 2.200 masl present a high risk of infection due to the presence of this vector. Since vector control had proven to be the measure with greatest impact against vector-borne diseases, it is imperative to implement measures more efficient, based on the behavior of the vector. Therefore, the aim of this research was to establish, in the municipally of Mariquita, Tolima, aspects of the behavior of A. aegypti, including its indoor resting, the susceptibility to insecticides used in vector control and the lethality in different surfaces sprayed with insecticides. Were collected mosquitoes in diurnal resting, between 8:00 and 18:00 h in three localities of municipality, using Prokopack aspirator for 15 minutes indoors and 5 minutes outdoors. In laboratory, a strain of A. aegypti was set as of larvae collected in the municipality of Mariquita in order to evaluate the susceptibility of adult females to insecticides deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, pirimiphos-methyl through testing in glass Wheaton bottles. Likewise, the lethality of the strain was determined in different surfaces sprayed (unpainted and painted sand block, unpainted and painted brick, wood and coated- painted wall) with the formulations of K-Othrine SC 50 (a.i. deltamethrin), Icon 10 ME (a.i. lambda-cyhalothrin) and Actellic 50 EC (a.i. pirimiphos-methyl) through exposure bioassays of 30 minutes in standardized cone of the OMS. The results obtained were the following: 291 houses were sampled, with 1.484 mosquitoes collected. The specie widely predominant was A. aegypti, 94,3% (816 females and 583 males), with a greater number of insect captured on indoor (92,9%). Culex quinquefasciatus had a relative abundance of 5,7% (25 females and 60 males). A relation between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the total number of mosquitoes of A. aegypti for block was found. In the susceptibility bioassays 576 females were exposed, a high susceptibility of the strain to the three tested insecticides was found. For bioassays of lethality, the surfaces in which was obtained a mortality of A. aegypti >80% were unpainted brick and wood sprayed with K-Othrine SC 50 and wood sprayed with Icon 10 ME. The result of this research (evidence of indoor resting and response to insecticide) could be used, in short term, in the strategies design for the vector control of arboviruses borne by A. aegypti in the urban and periurban area of Mariquita.