Estado del arte de los nanobots (mems) para la salud estructural del concreto en Colombia

Abstract

Construction plays a crucial role in Colombia's economy, serving as a key driver for infrastructure development and social well-being. However, the industry faces significant challenges related to the quality and durability of concrete structures, essential elements for ensuring the long-term safety and functionality of buildings. In this context, accurate methods for monitoring the internal conditions of concrete during setting and throughout its service life are essential. Traditionally, assessment approaches have relied on external measurements, which do not provide reliable information on critical internal parameters such as temperature and humidity. This limitation can cause defects in the setting process and lead to premature pathologies, such as corrosion, that compromise structural integrity. The humid tropical climate of various regions of Colombia, characterized by high temperatures and constant rainfall, intensifies the risks derived from extreme variations in temperature and humidity within the concrete. These adverse weather conditions can negatively affect concrete performance, making the implementation of more accurate and effective internal monitoring systems even more urgent. In recent years, major infrastructure projects have been undertaken in Colombia, such as hydroelectric plants, dams, and bridges, requiring continuous monitoring to ensure their long-term structural performance. Given this scenario, this research proposal explores the use of nanobots, specifically microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as an innovative solution for nondestructive monitoring of internal concrete conditions. MEMS are state-of-the-art nanobot (MEMS) devices for the structural health of concrete in Colombia. Miniaturized devices integrate micrometer-scale mechanical and electronic components, allowing their insertion into the concrete mix without affecting its properties. These nanodevices enable real-time data collection on critical variables such as temperature and humidity, providing continuous assessment of concrete condition and facilitating informed decision-making during the construction process. Nanotechnology, and more specifically the development of nanosensors, has represented a significant advance in the monitoring capacity of concrete structures. Previous research has demonstrated the feasibility of using MEMS sensors to measure essential variables within cementitious matrices, enabling precise and continuous measurements. This approach not only improves building quality but also optimizes construction processes, ensuring safer and more durable buildings.