El proceso cognitivo de estudiantes durante la solución de un problema de diseño

Abstract

The postulates of cognitive science in relation to the theory of information processing, problem solving and design as essentially cognitive activities, allowed to describe the cognitive process of eighth grade students of school La Victoria I.E.D, to solve a problem design specially formulated for this study from the field of electric current technological systems. Through a design assistant as a fundamental element within the work environment in which study participants were found after a process of selection and training, set out to find a solution to a problem case prototypical design. The transcript of their verbal protocols supplemented with protocols, categorization and coding and subsequent analysis allowed us to learn that students deal with in different ways to solve the problem, although the configuration task environment outside it, use their experience and prior knowledge although not many, as well as structural resources for information being the orientation process in which more focus their work and which evidence the use of cognitive operators as consulting, interpret and infer a greater extent. For his part from the study of the invariants of space design problem, among others, it can be established that depending on the configuration of the problem, one of the reference sources mostly used by study participants is their own knowledge and more ratio which reflects processes emerging deductive reasoning in the same space of the problem and not as a direct application of knowledge or previous experiences, thus confirming that the design processes exist building processes associated learning for understanding that the method of learning the technology as an object of study is the design itself.