Integración eficiente de compensadores de potencia reactiva basados en bancos de condensadores para la minimización de los costos de inversión y operación en sistemas de distribución de media tensión.

Abstract

Medium voltage distribution systems present a major problem, which corresponds to economic losses due to reactive power; one solution is the implementation of compensation systems based on fixed pitch capacitor banks. To achieve its efficient sizing and optimal location, an objective function is proposed, which minimizes the net present value of the costs of installation, operation, maintenance and energy losses in the network, taking into account the technical and operational restrictions for a correct system operation.

To solve this problem, the herd of wild horses metaheuristic algorithm is used, developed in the MATLAB software. This algorithm is based on the behavior of non-territorial wild horses, taking into account four main behaviors that correspond to herding, mating, group leadership, and leader exchange and selection. To evaluate the losses in each of the iterations, the method of successive approximations is used and the IEEE 33- and 69-node test systems are used. Taking into account a typical variable demand curve with half-hour intervals and 48 periods for a day of network operation, this allows us to have a better approach to the real behavior of a distribution system when making a variation with respect to the power. maximum in each period.

In order to make a comparison, tests are developed in two main scenarios which consist of developing a base case without the implementation of any compensation device for the system and thus obtaining the value of the objective function. Subsequently, the other scenario is carried out, where the system is evaluated with the installation of 1,2,3,4 and 5 banks of capacitors, determining in which of the cases the economic losses and costs associated with the capacitor banks are minimized. .

Finally, a comparison is made with the specialized literature in order to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in this research, obtaining favorable results that enrich the state of the art of this problem and it is demonstrated that the wild horse herd algorithm adequately adjusts to the solution of problems related to the field of electrical engineering, opening the possibility of carrying out new studies with said algorithm.