Monitoreo del proceso de biorremediación de un pozo contaminado con hidrocarburo en una estación de servicio

Abstract

Monitoring and observation wells at service stations (S.S.) allow the identification of possible hydrocarbon leaks in a gaseous or liquid state. Therefore, when a leak is detected in these wells, it is important to carry out contaminant cleanup procedures to prevent environmental impacts on the subsoil and aquifers. The general objective of this work was to monitor the efficiency of three bioremediation products, for which the following specific objectives were defined: 1) Determine the initial conditions of the well and the degree of hydrocarbon contamination, 2) Define the most effective concentration and/or combination of bioremediation products through an experiment, and 3) Conduct a bibliographic review on the application of biosurfactants in the remediation of monitoring wells during the period 2021-2024. Thus, monitoring and control were carried out in monitoring well 3 for a period of three months, during which time it was found that the well presented a considerable degree of contamination, storing a volume close to 83 ml of hydrocarbon per liter of water. Furthermore, thanks to the experimental design, it was possible to demonstrate that a hydrocarbon degradation process began when the three microbiological treatments (BD 923, BD 977 and BD 920) were dosed daily over a period of 7 days. In the field, it was evident that the combination of the products BD 920 and BD 977 supplied in pure form reduced the hydrocarbon volume until the free phase degraded and only grease remnants remained, which were eliminated with the help of the pure products BD 923 and BD 977 diluted. Finally, through the documentary review, it was possible to establish that the biosurfactants dosed by the company do not represent high efficiency, compared to others previously studied, so it is recommended to take into account parameters such as pH, temperature, and dosage concentrations to carry out a successful bioremediation process.