O ensino da biodiversidade: tendências e desafios nas experiências pedagógicas
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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Atualmente é reconhecido que a educação tem um papel fundamental na formação dos cidadãos cientes da biodiversidade e das problemáticas em sua conservação. A biodiversidade como um conceito integrador e polissêmico levanta desafios para sua abordagem em sala de aula por parte dos professores e nas pesquisas. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar e refletir sobre as tendências e desafios do ensino da biodiversidade no contexto brasileiro, identificando as abordagens dadas ao conceito, o enfoque metodológico, os recursos didáticos e as dificuldades apontadas em pesquisas e relatos de experiências pedagógicas no qual o ensino do conceito foi abordado explicitamente com o público escolar. Foram analisadas vinte pesquisas sobre experiências desenvolvidas em diferentes níveis educativos. Encontrou-se que o âmbito de explicação biológico-ecológico é privilegiado sobre elementos socioculturais do conceito. As metodologias ativas relacionadas com a abordagem de problemas da biodiversidade local, a construção de projetos e a investigação escolar são os enfoques pedagógicos que orientam estas práticas. Os principais recursos utilizados correspondem aos recursos naturais e do contexto, tanto contemporâneos, quanto dinamizadores. O ensino do conceito ainda levanta desafios sobre seu lugar no currículo, o livro didático e a formação do professor para abordá-lo.
Nowadays, it is recognized that education plays a fundamental role in training citizens aware of biodiversity and its conservation issues. Biodiversity, as an integrating and polysemic concept, raises challenges for its approach in the classroom by teachers and researchers. This paper aimed to characterize and reflect on the trends and challenges of biodiversity teaching in the Brazilian context, identifying approaches given to the concept, methodological approach, didactic resources and difficulties pointed out both in research and reports of pedagogical experiences where teaching this concept was explicitly addressed to school’s audience. Twenty research papers about experiences developed at different educational levels were analyzed. It was found that the scope of biological-ecological explanation is privileged on sociocultural elements of the concept. Active methodologies related to the approach of problems of local biodiversity, project construction and school research are the pedagogical approaches that guide these practices. The main resources used correspond to the natural resources and the context, contemporary and dynamic. Teaching the concept still raises challenges about its place in the curriculum, the textbook, and teacher’s training processes.
Nowadays, it is recognized that education plays a fundamental role in training citizens aware of biodiversity and its conservation issues. Biodiversity, as an integrating and polysemic concept, raises challenges for its approach in the classroom by teachers and researchers. This paper aimed to characterize and reflect on the trends and challenges of biodiversity teaching in the Brazilian context, identifying approaches given to the concept, methodological approach, didactic resources and difficulties pointed out both in research and reports of pedagogical experiences where teaching this concept was explicitly addressed to school’s audience. Twenty research papers about experiences developed at different educational levels were analyzed. It was found that the scope of biological-ecological explanation is privileged on sociocultural elements of the concept. Active methodologies related to the approach of problems of local biodiversity, project construction and school research are the pedagogical approaches that guide these practices. The main resources used correspond to the natural resources and the context, contemporary and dynamic. Teaching the concept still raises challenges about its place in the curriculum, the textbook, and teacher’s training processes.
Palabras clave
didactic resource, teaching aid, teaching method, material didáctico, medios de enseñanza, método de enseñanza