Unidad didáctica enfocada al reconocimiento y conservación de las aves que habitan en el camino ancestral San Francisco-Vicachá

Abstract

The global environmental crisis that has put society in suspense implies the need to take measures that contribute to greater “socio-ecological resilience” in the face of the effects of environmental changes in local, regional and global terms. These measures involve strategies that allow humanity to obtain greater knowledge and skills, in order to establish an ecological culture that entails a sustainable link with the natural environment. Given this, environmental education emerged as an alternative that aspires to establish awareness in all human beings about the environment, acquiring responsibility for its use and maintenance and recognizing the complexity immersed in nature (Gavilanes and Tipán, 2021). Today in Colombian society, environmental education is required that lasts in knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and habits with the environment, in order to achieve a change in the classic conception that the environment has a passive character, which regenerates itself. automatically, representing an infinite good. Thus, environmental education is a democratic, dynamic and participatory process that seeks to elucidate each person's recognition of a particular socio-environmental problem, opening new ways of seeing the environment, making possible the identification of aspects such as relationships of interaction and interdependence that exist between the natural elements present there, leading to generating a harmonious relationship (Osuna, 2020). The José Celestino Mutis Botanical Garden of Bogotá (JBBJCM) has an approach linked to environmental education, which addresses multiple visions about the environment that aim to consolidate people's environmental culture, informed decision-making, as well as such as the implementation of the environmental co-responsibility exercise (Jardín Botánico de Bogotá [JBB], 2021). Although the Cerros Orientales ecosystem was declared a protected area, today the environmental problems that affect it reflect the need to carry out actions that mitigate the different threats that can harm the biological wealth it houses (Rodríguez et al., 2020 ). One of the groups with the greatest presence in the Eastern Hills are birds, thus having a significant diversity of avifauna, which is a fundamental pillar for the maintenance of ecosystems, contributing to the dynamics and conservation of habitats, in addition to participating in pollination and biological control processes (Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca [CAR], 2016). The use of birds as an education strategy environmental has had wide acceptance in the field of the conservation process, due to its essential role within the natural environment. In this sense, it is important to mention that Palavecino et al. (2017) highlighted bird watching as a highly significant tool to establish changes in attitudes and values ​​in people, promoting awareness of their environment, with illustrated guide 9 being a primary instrument to facilitate the identification and deepening of birdlife ( Ullaguari, 2018). The task of teaching by the teacher and consequently, establishing significant learning in the students, takes on great importance in the process of how said learning should be established, being relevant to consider the students' prior knowledge, how they are modified, reconstructed and Finally, they reveal themselves. Consequently, the teaching and learning of Biology needs an even greater challenge: “learning science, and particularly learning biology, means learning to change your point of view or, in other words, to change conceptually” (Quintanilla, 2000, p.02). ., as cited in Arzola et al. 2011). It should be noted that this change implies hard work on the part of educators, since it must produce solid instances that contribute to the students' construction of mental models consistent with scientific theory, thus being able to enrich their previous ideas or explanatory/mental models, leading to " conceptual innovations” (Arzola et al. 2011). It is for this reason that a degree project on birds was proposed considering the mental models, seen from the perspectives of Johnson-Laird and Chamizo, which would contribute to the recognition and conservation of birdlife through the development and implementation of a didactic unit aimed at the visiting community of the San FranciscoVicachá ancestral path, which would account for the various aspects associated with them, primarily in terms of their ecological importance and the interactions that take place with other components that are part of the ecosystem, involving in turn the view of the impact and actions that human beings can take for its conservation; leading to the recognition of the Eastern Hills as an ecosystem of great biological relevance.