Sustancias químicas aplicadas en el sur del departamento del Tolima en los municipios de Coyaima, Ortega y Purificación. Una aproximación al análisis de su efecto medioambiental

Abstract

Agrochemicals are substances used as fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. The indiscriminate use of these substances can be a factor in registered medical pathologies or symptoms, from poisoning or dermatitis to malformations and even death, either by contact or by human consumption. In villages of the department of Tolima, in the municipalities of Coyaima, Ortega and Purificación, a high use of agricultural inputs has been found, based on agrochemical practices without regulation. 72% belong to herbicides of the selective and non-selective type, among which is GlifosateTM in various concentrations. Similarly, agrochemicals are recorded that lead to a high degree of contamination and health alterations if they are not properly used as fertilizers (AlisinTM and triple 15TM), insecticides such as Lorsban 480TM and antiparasitics such as IvomecTM. These substances can generate a higher rate of pollution, in all strategic ecosystems, causing effects such as the death of pollinating agents, water pollution, increased greenhouse effect and soil erosion. There may also be negative effects on animal health such as the death of pollinating species or species whose function is environmental rehabilitation, in this case the earthworm, and teratogenic effects on humans caused by the excessive use of agrochemicals in the sector. Disinformation, in the application of these agrochemicals, could generate irreversible damage in the municipalities and their population. Government regulations must be established to protect the Pijao community and indigenous reservations settled in the area.