Adaptación de lagunas de oxidación como humedales artificiales para el tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas en La Sabana de Bogotá. Viabilidad técnica

Abstract

In the last years lagoons of oxidation or stabilization were a pioneering technique for the treatment of domestic waste water, their little cost of construction and their facility of operation made of this system one of the most preferred at the moment of designing systems of treatment of municipal waste water. With the pass of the time and in some municipalities for lack of monitoring and control different mishaps have happened, causing that the pollution to different tributaries like Bogota River increases in a considerable way causing ecological mayor damages. In the Bogota’s savannah and its municipalities, the use of lagoons of stabilization have been widely established and as it was said before with the pass of the time its efficiency has decreased even causing discomforts among the population such as odor and constant contaminated rivers. Nowadays, they are needed policies for the conservation of the environment, though the interest has increased for what occurs in the environment few things have been carried out for the implementation of new techniques in the treatment of domestic waste water. Diverse researches around the country and abroad produce favorable results to the use of artificial wetlands as treatment of waste water with many advantages, among them the use of plants that would allow the development of ecosystems controlled with a high ecological value. Likewise, the artificial wetlands have the particularity of not generate muds with organic loads which is an advantage at the moment of its maintenance. However, even with all their advantages the technical regulation of the sector of drinkable water and basic sanitation it is still considered like a secondary system even tertiary, which demonstrates that more practices must be realized with this type of treatment. For this reason, it is needed to establish the technical viability of adjustment of lagoons of oxidation or stabilization to artificial wetlands, lagoons with the purpose of implementing a more friendly system with the environment and the population.