Evaluación de la sostenibilidad de las formas de producción rural con componentes agroforestales en la microcuenca Guateque, municipio de Guateque, Boyacá

Abstract

At present, the conditions of the rural inhabitants of Colombia are still precarious, which is why the academy intends to make a contribution to the diagnosis of the sustainability of the forms of rural production and management proposals based on agroforestry practices that are directed to the harmonious development of the social, economic and environmental attributes of the territory. In this case, the analysis unit is the Quebrada Suaitoque microbasin, municipality of Guateque, department of Boyacá, an area of ​​great interest that, due to its biophysical and social configuration, frames it as a rural potential for the region. This microbasin was made a descriptive and spatial characterization with which diagnostic criteria were determined to deduce strategic elements of sustainability assessment that were transferred to indicators, criteria and verifiers as qualification parameters. Additionally, a typification was developed to find homogeneous groups of producers at farm level and to elucidate their spatial configuration. The results found were, in general, a low sustainability of the productive systems, as well as the identification of a series of potentialities and limitations that were reinterpreted to recommendations and proposals on the management systems. In addition, 6 typologies of forms of rural production were determined: 1) Mixed agricultural and livestock of small area, 2) Low intensity agricultural mixed pastures and cattle, 3) Intensive use of cattle and poultry, 4) Agricultural use under greenhouse , 5) Mixed intensive agricultural use - crops, pastures and cattle and 6) Extensive agricultural use. Finally, an agroforestry model was designed for each type of farm based on the information collected in the criteria matrix for the selection of agroforestry technologies in the microbasin. It is concluded that it is important to make interventions in each production system to improve its sustainability, increase the tree mass and the potential that agroforestry systems have as rural development strategies.