Análisis técnico de los sistemas anóxicos en el tratamiento del agua residual doméstica.

Abstract

Formerly, the biological processes (anaerobic and aerobic) the treatment of domestic wastewater was oriented exclusively on the removal of organic matter and suspended solids. However, after 1960, the problem associated with the presence of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in domestic wastewater was taken into account, which produced an accelerated eutrophication and the rapid decrease in the concentration of DO in the receiving waters (Rozano and Dapena, 1995). For this reason, in the course of time new conventional technologies and innovations have emerged that implement one or more anoxic systems for the biological elimination of nitrogen or nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus simultaneously). In Latin America, developing countries such as Colombia, do not have technologies with anoxic systems, either because of the cost that this represents or because there is limited knowledge about them. The objective of this monograph is to develop a technical analysis of anoxic systems in domestic wastewater treatment. In order to answer the research question, what are the most viable technologies with anoxic systems to implement in the treatment of domestic wastewater in Latin America? The literature review is divided into two time scales, from 1960 to 1999 and from 2000 onwards. In the first instance, the name of the technologies with anoxic systems was identified, some such as SBR, modified Ludzack-Ettinger, A2/O and VIP. Its characteristics, treatment process, removal efficiencies, minimum design criteria and operation of each of the reactors were described. Finally, an analysis was developed to determine the technologies with anoxic systems most viable to implement in Latin America.