Diseño de un Sistema de Energía Alternativa Solar para Conectar los Servicios Auxiliares de Corriente Continua en Cinco (5) Subestaciones Eléctricas de Codensa S.A. ESP. en Bogotá

Abstract

Solar Energy is a clean energy, which uses an inexhaustible and inexpensive source, but whose main drawback is how to convert it efficiently into usable energy. The current technology in this sense is directed in two directions: electric conversion and thermal conversion. Direct conversion into electrical energy occurs in solar cells and is based on the photovoltaic effect. Explaining this effect and giving an overview of this technology, its current state and its applications, are the objectives of this project. Photovoltaic systems transform the radiant energy of the sun into electrical energy. This transformation process occurs in a semiconductor element that is called a photovoltaic cell. When sunlight strikes a photovoltaic cell, photons from sunlight transmit their energy to the semiconductor electrons so they can circulate inside the solid. Photovoltaic technology ensures that some of these electrons emerge outside the semiconductor material, thus generating an electric current capable of flowing through an external circuit. In order to enable the practical management of photovoltaic cells, they are electrically associated with each other and encapsulated in a block called a photovoltaic panel or module, which is the basic element for the production of electricity. Typically, a photovoltaic module consists of about 36 cells, having different measurements ranging from 0.5 m2 to 1 m2, the thickness also varies between 3.5 cm and 5 cm. The photovoltaic module consists of a series of solar cells connected to each other in series and parallel to get the voltage suitable for use, this voltage is usually 12V although at full solar radiation and 25ºC temperature is usually 15V to 17V. The set of cells is surrounded by elements that give it protection against external agents and rigidity to fit the structures that support it. The operating conditions of a photovoltaic module depend on external variables such as solar radiation and operating temperature. To be able to design a solar photovoltaic installation you need to know the radiation of the place. To do this, the updated solar radiation tables of Bogotá must be available. The amount of energy received from the sun (solar radiation) and the daily demand for energy will be the factors that will mark the design of the photovoltaic systems. The choice of solar radiation data will depend directly on the location of the installation, as well as on the predominant and particular meteorological conditions of each location. For the city of Bogota, a monthly solar radiation chart intercepted by a sloping surface will be used.