El pensamiento de diseño y la creación de prototipos mecánicos en la etapa escolar

Abstract

The document presented is focused on design thinking as a technological strategy that, through the implementation of a School Technology Activity (STA), allows to combine several aspects of the daily life of people related to design, the construction of mechanical devices and the intervention in solving problems. The main objective of this research is to determine conceptual and practical elements of design thinking that are relevant to a technology activity focused on the conceptualization, analysis and manufacture of artifacts to achieve its construction and subsequent validation by experts. This project is framed within the qualitative approach with an interpretive and descriptive character generated by the interest of analyzing the subjects and their influence on the construction of knowledge and reality, based on the actions taken by each one of them. In the report presented, account is taken of the participation of 32 students in the school stage (eleventh grade) in the development of the proposed STA, taking into account the recommendations given in the course of each working session, from where the data were obtained analyzed, through the triangulation of instruments, which guarantee the relevance of this research. As a result, it is confirmed that, by involving design thinking in technology education, skills related to innovation and interaction with their own context in solving problems are developed, recognizing the cognitive process that must be assumed between convergence and the divergence of the projected actions. It also highlights the approaches of Papert and Harel (1991) on manipulating, manufacturing and transforming the objects, those of Nessler (2016) on the design process and those of Koh, Chai, Wong and Hong, (2015) on the episodes cognitive, metacognitive, technological, sociocultural and production of design thinking, essential in the construction, validation and development of the STA, which was assumed as a crucial didactic instrument of education in technology.