Hipoacusia Relacionada con la Exposición al Ruido y Pesticidas en los Trabajadores del Sector Agrícola

Abstract

Introduction: Hearing loss is one of the most common diseases in the working population; it is frequently associated with noise exposition. Several studies have identified that exposure to chemicals and/or ototoxic substances can cause it or increase the probability of acquiring it. Objective: To determine the relationship between noise and pesticide exposition in the hearing loss of agricultural workers worldwide based on a systematic review from 2002 to 2019. Results: Sensorineural hearing loss was the most frequently or the prognosis would be give there with a 77.7% due to the loss in the highest frequencies, presence of tinnitus, and failures in neurophysiological processes. Moreover, organophosphate insecticides are the most prevalent with 78%, followed by herbicides with 68% (glyphosate). According to the analysis, the combined effect of noise and pesticides it was observe only 36% made measurements where they came to determine their effect quantitatively. Conclusions: The association could not be conclusively determined by the level of evidence, despite finding several studies focused on noise and pesticide exposure how triggers of hearing loss. However, these workers present more counting errors compared to the control group, which suggests deterioration in cognitive processing.