Diseño de una arquitectura iot sostenible para reducir desperdicios en el almacenamiento de aguacate hass en economías emergentes​

Abstract

Food waste represents a critical global challenge, affecting food security, the economy, and the environment. Particularly in Colombia, inadequate storage of perishable products such as Hass avocados generates significant economic and social losses. This thesis analyzes the role of the Internet of Things (IoT) as a tool to optimize post-harvest storage of this fruit through the design of a sustainable, adaptable, and efficient technological architecture. Through a critical review of scientific and technical literature, the paper explores the opportunities and barriers that these technologies face in rural contexts and emerging economies. Key variables such as temperature, humidity, and ethylene are identified, which are essential to prevent accelerated ripening and product deterioration. Additionally, solutions based on sensors, digital platforms, and low-energy networks that can be viably integrated into the conditions of the Colombian agricultural sector are evaluated. The study is justified by the need to reduce post-harvest losses, improve traceability, and empower small producers, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient supply chain aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. The architectural proposal not only aims to mitigate food waste but also lay the foundation for a more efficient and equitable agri-food model.