Evaluación de la utilidad de la molécula HLA-G soluble (sHLA-G1 Y HLA-G5) como un potencial biomarcador para el diagnóstico oportuno del cáncer gástrico

Abstract

The human G leukocyte antigen, HLA-G, is a non-classical class I major histocompatibility complex molecule, whose expression has been described in trophoblastic cells during pregnancy, to protect the fetus. However, various studies have shown that this molecule is related to tumor development because it has immunosuppressive properties such as the inhibition of cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer cells (NK) and the effector activity of dendritic cells and T cells (CD8 and CD4). In the present study it is proposed to investigate whether soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) can be used as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer and to find the answer to this question the expression levels of sHLA-G were measured in the Plasma of 46 patients with benign gastric pathologies and 68 patients with gastric cancer through the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sandwich-specific for HLA-G. Plasma sHLA-G levels were found to be significantly higher in cancer patients than in those who had benign gastric pathology (p <0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for sHLA-G was 0.77; 95% CI confidence interval 69.6-86.2 with a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 63%. This finding suggests that the sHLA-G molecule may be useful because it can contribute to the timely diagnosis of Gastric Cancer being used as a screening test.