Estudio de revisión sobre especies nativas colorantes, con actividad antioxidante y fotoprotectora

Abstract

In the present study we selected a group of native species with studies on their antioxidant and photoprotective capacity, from which a relationship was found between some metabolites responsible for color and the biological activities studied. Some of the metabolites responsible for the color of native coloring species that show antioxidant capacity, which are grouped into flavonols, flavones, anthocyanins, quinones (anthraquinones and naphthoquinones), carotenes, chalcones, among other metabolites, are compiled. Most of the compounds are in the glycosylated form, having a few cases of structures in the form of aglycones. The bibliographic search was carried out using the databases: Pubmed, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, Research, SpringerLink, among others, and the academic search engine Google Scholar. Most of the documents found correspond to scientific articles published from the year 2010. The reported antioxidant capacity is mainly measured by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC methods, among others. Most of the data increased in IC50 units, on the other hand, the phytochemical information of the extracts with antioxidant capacity was collected, finding the application of instrumental techniques such as chromatography (HPLC, GC/MS) and NMR. The same metabolite is found in several species that demonstrate antioxidant capacity in their extracts, for example: gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, among other mainly glycosylated metabolites. The relationship between the metabolites responsible for the antioxidant and photoprotective capacity is discovered, having the following groups of metabolites in common: anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, carotenes and phenolic acids.