Evaluación de los procesos de movilidad residencial urbano - rural en Cundinamarca, Colombia. Caso de estudio: municipio La Vega

Abstract

This project aims to evaluate the sustainability of the processes of territorial occupation in the headwaters, and in the paths of San Juan and El Cural present located at the municipality of La Vega Cundinamarca, due to the migratory phenomena of residential mobility and floating population, taking into account the spatio-temporal information of the last 5 years. The foregoing, first, through the identification and analysis of the perception of the resident and floating population, changes in the ecological structure, ecosystem services and environmental impacts ocurred in the municipality, as a contribution to the measurement of the territorial sustainability. Second, by estimating the assessment of the resident and floating population in terms of the perception of social, economic and quality of life, for the building process of simple local indicators in the measurement of the sustainability of the territory. Third, by establishing risk perception indicators for the resident and floating population based on the changes presented during the last 5 years in the municipality, and finally, by constructing an index for the measurement of environmental sustainability in urban-rural residential mobility processes in the municipality. For this purpose, a mixed type research (qualitative and quantitative) was carried out, where a methodology was developed, consisting of 4 methodological stages, corresponding to each of the specific objectives proposed. The information of the first three stages was collected through the application of semi-structured surveys for the construction of local indicators belonging to all dimensions of development. The analysis of the surveys was carried out by means of a univariate descriptive analysis for the closed questions with ordinal scale and later the factorial analysis (FA) was used, which aims to describe the covariation relationship between multiple variables, in terms of few variables random non-observables, called factors (Díaz & Morales, 2012). In the last stage, the local indicators previously analyzed were taken into account and through the systemic and commensalist approach proposed by (Quiroga, 2001: 25), an aggregation was made with the institutional indicators collected in the different official institutions. The weights assigned to each of the variables were supported by the theories of Bioregional planning proposed by Guimarães (2001), of primary and secondary sustainability proposed by Fernández (2000), and of weak and strong sustainability proposed by Pearce and Atkinson (1998). The results showed that the local biophysical indicators with the strongest sustainability are the species maintenance indicator and the visual quality indicator with a magnitude of 85 (very strong), followed by the water supply and status indicator with a magnitude of 80 (strong). However, after aggregation, the composite biophysical indicator showed a magnitude of 48.60, which ranged from 41 to 60, resulting in a moderate degree of sustainability for the biophysical dimension. The strongest index of local socioeconomic sustainability that is estimated in the municipality is the index of provision of water and sewage services with a magnitude of 85 (very strong). On the other hand, the rate of increase in education for the municipality of La Vega showed a magnitude of 20 (very weak). Consequently, the composite socioeconomic indicator, with a magnitude of 43.00, is between the range of 41 to 60, resulting in a moderate degree of sustainability for the socioeconomic dimension. The strongest local risk sustainability index obtained in the municipality is the rate of regulation of flood risk of houses in times of rainfall with a magnitude of 85 (very strong) and the weakest is the index of climatic uniformity with a magnitude of 35 (weak). The composite risk indicator, with a magnitude of 63.14, is between the range of 61 to 80, resulting in a strong degree of sustainability for the risk dimension. The strongest local institutional management sustainability index that is estimated in the municipality is the index of successful decisions on real estate development and mobility with a magnitude of 10 (very weak) and the weakest index is the adequate disposition of the territory and timely Institutional management with a magnitude of 5 (very weak). The composite institutional index, with a magnitude of 45, is between the range of 41 to 60, resulting in a moderate degree of sustainability for the institutional dimension. Finally, the index for the measurement of environmental sustainability in urban-rural residential mobility in the municipality of La Vega Cundinamarca with a magnitude of 50.04, is between the range of 41 to 60, resulting in a degree of moderate sustainability.