Estado del arte sobre la caracterización microestructural de agregados reactivos mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (sem) en el análisis de la reactividad álcali-sílice

Abstract

This monograph presents a systematic review of the state of the art regarding the microstructural characterization of reactive aggregates using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in the analysis of Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR). ASR is one of the most damaging pathologies in concrete, causing internal expansion and cracking due to the formation of a hygroscopic gel. The study highlights the relevance of SEM as an advanced technique for identifying reaction products, microcracks, and early-stage deterioration not detectable through conventional methods. Over 30 national and international scientific sources are analyzed, focusing on the applicability of SEM in countries such as the U.S., Canada, Brazil, China, and Colombia. The research also identifies regulatory and technical gaps in Colombia and advocates for the incorporation of SEM in quality control protocols for construction materials. This work contributes to both academic knowledge and professional practice by enhancing the evaluation of concrete durability and supporting the prevention of structural failures.