El método de localización de fallas mediante ondas viajeras y su implementación en sistemas con generación distribuida. Estudio de caso
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The traditional methods that are implemented in distribution systems for fault location establish new challenges, so it is required to propose and/or adapt models that improve the process of locating fault currents. Distributed Generation (DG) is a small-scale technology that is linked to consumers through the distribution system and has great potential for technical, economic and environmental benefits. These benefits include reduced line losses, minimized environmental impacts, increased efficiency, safety and service delivery indicators. However, the inclusion of generation in distribution networks poses new challenges for the estimation of the state of disturbances in the system, associated with low impedance faults, such as the identification and/or location of fault currents. During the last few years, several techniques for fault location in distribution lines with DG have been presented. The objective of the present project is to analyze how the traveling wave based fault location method is affected when DG is implemented. It consists of four stages, the first three stages are developed to verify the method of fault location by means of traveling waves, for which the Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters were used. In the first stage, a three-node test system is designed. In the second and third stage propose the distribution power system without DG and with DG, the IEEE 34 nodes case study is implemented. The fourth stage implements the performance metrics for results analysis, additionally in this stage the final document and the audiovisual material for the academic community is elaborated. Within the analysis of results for the system with and without DG (voltage and current signal) there were no variations. The maximum error obtained was 44.84%, and a minimum error of 0.05% when using the traveling wave method with the IIR filter, and a maximum error of 68.49% and a minimum error of 0.06% when using the traveling wave method with the FIR filter. According to the results obtained, the traveling wave fault location method is not affected when DG is present, since it maintains the fault location errors with respect to the system without DG. When performing the analysis for both voltage and current signals obtained from the faults, a greater effectiveness in fault location based on the error is denoted when IIR type digital filters are implemented.