Análisis de amenazas por industrias de zincado y textil en el sector residencial de la comuna 3 del municipio de Soacha Cundinamarca

Abstract

The population growth of the municipality of Soacha has been accelerated in recent years, its most important economic lines are commerce and industry, however, such growth and the proximity of some communities to the city of Bogotá have increased the presence of industries within sectors with exclusive residential use as established by the POT of the municipality, such as is the case of Comuna 3, which borders Bogotá and has the Autopista Sur highway as its axis. From the above, this research sought to determine what are the threats generated by the presence of Zinc and Textile industries in the residential sector of commune 3 of the municipality of Soacha - Cundinamarca, given that the existence of these industries in the apples Residential buildings represent a latent danger for the community due to risks ranging from toxic waste to explosions of materials, among others. Tools were used such as the characterization of the environment through the application of community accounts and field sightings to determine the industries and the different uses of each residential unit present in the study area, in addition a detailed revision of current regulations that apply to issues such as land use, land use planning, environmental sector and risk management applicable to the area, as well as determining the types of risk existing for the community due to the presence of these industries from 3 perspectives which are environmental, risk management and labor. It was determined that although there is a large amount of current regulations applicable to the area, this is not fully complied with, starting with the POT since there are formal industries in the area with certified land use, likewise in environmental terms they have solid waste management systems or liquids, there is no control over emissions, restrictions on the use or storage of hazardous chemicals, among others. The presence of industries was confirmed in about 78% of the apples that make up the study area, finding from 1 to 16 industries of different products in the same block. The knowledge and perception of the local community regarding the risk represented by the industries is minimal, as well as evidence that they do not have the capacity or knowledge to react to an emergency event and do not know the entities or documentation that the municipality of Soacha has for these cases. Therefore it was evident that both the community and workers in these industries are exposed to risks such as poisoning, explosions, spills, leaks of chemical substances, likewise, the damage to the environment is high due to the dumping of potentially toxic substances such as metals. heavy and cyanide compounds, in addition to pigment discharges, clogging sewerage networks, affecting water sources and damage to aquatic fauna, as well as sedimentation i tributaries, among many other affectations.