Propuesta de una tecnología apropiada de energía renovable no convencional en el Municipio de Mapiripán Meta para suministro de energía eléctrica en el área rural

Abstract

The purpose of this monograph project is to propose an appropriate technology based on an unconventional renewable energy source (FNCER) by its acronym in Spanish, for the generation of electricity in the rural residential area in the municipality of Mapiripán, Meta. The methodology used was carried out in four phases, the first corresponds to the contextualization of the FNCER at the nationwide, in the department of Meta and in the municipality of Mapiripán, which are identified in the Mining and Energy Planning Unit UPME by its acronym in Spanish; the second phase corresponded to the physical, climatological and socioeconomic characterization of the study area together with the calculation of the electricity demand for the year 2022; Regarding the third phase, this was derived from the results of the two phases mentioned above, allowing the preselection of the FNCER with the greatest potential for use, to determine the technological prototypes and evaluate them in the last phase through of a multicriteria analysis based on the AHP Hierarchical Analysis tool, which evaluates the social, environmental, economic and technical criteria of each technological alternative. The results obtained show that according to the municipal characterization of Mapiripán it is in an early stage of development, for which there is a shortage of electrical energy with a high potential for solar radiation, generation of agro-industrial residues from oil palm cultivation and the generation of bovine manure due to the present livestock activity. Thus, determining the FNCER from solar energy and residual biomass energy, both agricultural and livestock, with the prototypes of the autonomous photovoltaic solar kit, gasifier and biodigester. Of the three prototypes mentioned, the biodigester obtained the highest prioritization value with 34.79% through the evaluation of multi-criteria analysis, being the most appropriate technology to implement in the municipality due to its high potential and social, environmental and economic benefits due to the substitution of the use of fossil fuels for the generation of electricity and the use of biofertilizer for own use and/or commercialization.