Historietas como el fénix: una estrategia didáctica para la transformación de las representaciones sociales del VIH/SIDA

Abstract

The aim of this research project was to promote the transformation of social representations of HIV/AIDS through a didactic strategy based on the use of contextualized conceptual cartoons; to this end, it was necessary to characterize the social representations before and after the implementation of the cartoons with the group of students. In relation to the methodology, the research was developed from a qualitative approach, based on the interpretative-hermeneutic paradigm and from a multi-methodological and processual perspective; on the other hand, content analysis was the main technique for the treatment of the results. The sample consisted of 17 ninth grade students from the Justiniano Quiñonez Angulo military school, who were between 14 and 16 years of age. The methodological design included a questionnaire, a semantic map, and an interview with multiple item classification, for both the first and third phases of the research; in addition, in the second phase, five contextualized conceptual cartoons on HIV/AIDS were designed. The implementation of the strategy was carried out in September, October, and November 2020, using the ZOOM® platform. The results were transcribed, and the primary analysis was carried out in the MAXQDA® qualitative analysis software, through five theoretical subcategories (common knowledge, specific knowledge, source of knowledge, stigmatization, and personal resources) and two emergent ones (historicity and negative resources). Based on the research objectives, it is concluded that the contextualized conceptual cartoons are an innovative proposal that, in addition to favoring the transformation of social representations about HIV, enables participants to delve deeper into science-related topics through graphic content that fosters the affective motivation of students in relation to science classes.