Análisis de los Impactos ambientales ocasionados por el uso de los fertilizantes nitrogenados, en el cultivo de papa en el Municipio de Zipaquirá

Abstract

Potato cultivation has great potential for exploitation in the country, as there is a great variety of species and Colombia has a competitive advantage, given that it has a great variety of soils and climates, in addition, a large number of families in the country is dedicated to the production of this tuber (Baldoff Barajas and Almanza, 2014), however, this advantage is not being exploited, proof of this is that Colombia is ranked number 21 among the countries that make more exports of this food (Espinal et al., 2005), that is why it tries to increase agricultural productivity through nitrogen fertilizer products, such as urea. However, the effects on health and the environment are not contemplated, by making incorrect use of these inputs, for example, the contamination of surface water by runoff from fertilizer and the effects on human health in the long term, by the handling of these without the personal protection elements, required for the activity. In addition to the above, Colombia is an agricultural country with a share of 12.82% in GDP and municipalities such as Zipaquirá focus much of their finances on the production of this food (Mayor's Office of Zipaquirá-Cundinamarca, 2016), which is why it is important to identify the impact of this activity due to the use of urea, the most popular fertilizer in the sector for its price in the market. For this reason, this research seeks to make a proposal, in order to identify the negative impacts generated by the use of urea as a fertilizer in potato cultivation, in the municipality of Zipaquirá and thus be able to comply with the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals. To do this, a methodology is developed with 3 phases, in the first one it is sought to evaluate the progress of the Municipal Development Plan based on the Sustainable Development Goals and the Smart Goals (as an alternative that takes little time, but its ideas are innovative and interesting) through a comparative matrix, the next phase is to determine the environmental impacts, social and economic that implies the use of nitrogen fertilizers in the cultivation of potatoes in the Municipality of Zipaquirá, through the elaboration of the Leopold matrix and finally alternatives are proposed for the management of nitrogen fertilizers of the potato crop, for the Municipality of Zipaquirá and thus reduce the negative impact on human and ecological health, for their bad practices, which are expected to be taken into account in future investigations.